Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is the medical and surgical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and vision disorders. Ophthalmologists manage conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, retinal diseases, infections, and refractive errors, using both clinical evaluations and advanced diagnostic imaging. Treatment may include medications, laser therapy, or surgical procedures depending on the pathology and severity. The specialty also plays a preventive role through routine eye exams, helping to detect systemic conditions with ocular manifestations, such as diabetes and hypertension.